The shoulder is the most mobile joint in the body and therefore the least stable: a large ball in a small socket, held in place by the capsule, ligaments and the four rotator cuff muscles. Overload is the most common cause of pain: repetitive overhead work, hours hunched at a laptop, a new sport or a heavy weekend in the garden irritate the tendons and the bursa, the fluid cushion under the tip of the shoulder. Pain then appears when lifting the arm sideways, reaching behind the back and lying on that side at night.
Just as often the problem is not in the shoulder joint alone. A stiff upper back and a shoulder blade that does not glide properly force the ball to move wrongly in the socket, and a pinched nerve in the neck can radiate into the shoulder and arm, see neck pain. That is why we examine the whole chain: neck, upper back, ribs, shoulder blade and shoulder. Treating only the painful spot is why many shoulder complaints keep coming back.
