Whiplash is not one injury but a pattern: the small joints, ligaments, discs and muscles of the neck are stretched and strained, most often in a collision from behind, when the neck muscles have no time to brace. In the Netherlands about 30,000 people a year are affected, most of them in traffic. The most common complaint is a painful, stiff neck, followed by headache, pain between the shoulder blades, dizziness, nausea, ringing in the ears, pain radiating into the arms, and difficulty concentrating and sleeping. Irritability and fatigue are part of the picture, not a sign that you are imagining it.
Most people recover within weeks to months. The chance of chronic complaints is highest when the neck is left stiff and unexamined, when fear of movement takes over, and when the upper neck keeps sending wrong signals to the balance system. Early, careful treatment lowers that risk considerably. That is why we advise anyone with neck pain after a collision to be examined within one to two weeks, even if the first X rays at the hospital were normal. See also our page on neck pain and headaches.
